PREDICTORS OF FALL RISK AND POST-FRACTURE RECOVERY IN ELDERLY POPULATIONS: AN ORTHOPEDIC STUDY

Abstract

Falls in the elderly are among the most prominent causes of morbidity, mortality and permanent loss of functioning capacity.  Understanding the complex aspects of fall risk and post-fracture recovery is important in boosting orthopedic and rehabilitative treatment.

 Purpose: The aim of the study was to identify the predictors of fall risk and factors influencing recovery processes following fragility fractures in the elderly.A four hundred and one hundred twenty-two patients older than 65 years with fragility fractures were enrolled in a prospective cohort study that was quantitative.  The baseline evaluations included demographic, clinical, biochemical and functional characteristics.  The results were measured six months later and included new falls, recurrent falls and regaining independent ambulation.  Multivariate logistic and Cox regression models were used to determine factors that might contribute to poor outcomes independently. In six months, 42.7% (95% CI: 38.047.5) experienced at least one fall whereas 31.1% experienced recurring falls.  Prolonged Timed Up and Go (TUG) time, history of falls, cognitive impairment and taking of medicines which raise the risk of falling were all significant indicators of a recurrence of falls.  Additional vitamin D and serum albums came in handy.  Delirium, hip fracture and increased time to get moving were associated with a 25.2-percent probability of delayed recovery at 3 months.  The prediction of improved recovery pathways was done by early mobilization in 48 hours and sustained balance (Berg ≥ 45).There are several clinical and functional factors that can be altered and cause the risk of falling and slow recovery in older orthopedic patients.  Frequent monitoring of vitamin D deficiency, cognitive dysfunction and polypharmacy, combined with early mobility and personalized treatment, could significantly enhance the post-fracture outcomes.  These findings highlight the importance of incorporating multidisciplinary fall-prevention into postoperative care of older adults.