IMPACTS OF DIVERSE PHOSPHATIC FERTILIZER APPLICATIONS ON METAL DYNAMICS AND ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY

Abstract

This study investigates the effects of different phosphatic fertilizers diammonium phosphate (DAP), monoammonium phosphate (MAP), single superphosphate (SSP), triple superphosphate (TSP), and Nitrophos (NP) on heavy metal dynamics and environmental sustainability in soil ecosystems. A key focus is placed on the varying concentrations of heavy metals such as cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), arsenic (As), and chromium (Cr) inherent in these fertilizers. DAP and MAP exhibited significantly higher levels of these metals, while SSP and TSP showed relatively lower concentrations. Through a series of controlled soil incubation experiments and sequential extraction procedures, the study assessed the accumulation, mobility, and bioavailability of heavy metals in treated soils. Results demonstrated that DAP and MAP led to elevated levels of bioavailable heavy metals, increasing the risk of soil and groundwater contamination, and potential uptake by crops. In contrast, SSP and TSP emerged as environmentally safer alternatives, with Nitrophos presenting intermediate effects. The findings underscore the importance of informed fertilizer selection, emphasizing not just agronomic efficiency but also environmental impact.

This research provides valuable insights for sustainable agriculture, promoting practices that reduce ecological risks while maintaining crop productivity. It supports the development of guidelines for responsible phosphatic fertilizer use in order to ensure long-term soil health and environmental protection..