Nitrogen Fertilization and Its Impact on Growth Dynamics and Grain Yield of Maize

Abstract

Nitrogen (N) is the most critical macronutrients influencing maize (Zea mays L.) productivity, yet excessive or insufficient application can compromise yield and resource use efficiency. A field research was conducted in 2024 at the Agronomy Research Farm, Faisalabad, Pakistan, to gauge the impact of diverse nitrogen levels on maize growth and yield. The study employed a randomized complete block design with six treatments (kg N ha⁻¹): T1 (0), T2 (40), T3 (80), T4 (120), T5 (160), and T6 (200), replicated three times. Results revealed significant improvements in plant agronomic and yield parameters with amassed nitrogen application. Maximum yield (8700 kg ha⁻¹) was obtained with T6, though it was statistically similar to T5 (8600 kg ha⁻¹). Beyond 160 kg N ha⁻¹, growth and yield components showed no further substantial gains, indicating a plateau in crop response. The control treatment consistently produced the lowermost values across all parameters. Outcomes suggest that 160 kg N ha⁻¹ is the optimum dose for achieving maximum maize productivity under the agro-climatic conditions of Faisalabad while ensuring efficient resource utilization and minimizing unnecessary nitrogen application.