Socio-Economic Impact of Seasonal Migration on Tribal livelihood: A case study in Tribal areas of District Dare Ghazi Khan

Abstract

The use of circular migration is done by Tribal households to diversify their income source and to cope with the seasonality of agriculture production, climate, political and/or economic changes. Temporary migration is a form of migration unpredictable and unidirectional in nature which occur where migrations take place for employment for a particular season of the year. This present study was conducted in Tribal areas of district D.G. Khan. The reasons and effects of tribal to urban migration in district D. G. Khan examined using descriptive survey research. The main objectives of the study are; i) to study the socio-economic characteristics of respondents; ii) to identify the causes of Tribal to urban migration in district D. G. Khan and; iii) to investigate the consequence of seasonal migration for livelihoods of migrants and their families. The result showed that 82.5% of the respondents was male, 33.3% respondents belong to age group between 18-25 years, 54.2% was married, while 31.7% income level was 10001-20,000, 80% respondents were strongly agreeing regarding consequence of seasonal migration is family care during extreme season, 65% were strongly agree, consequence of lack of facilities for their family they move to urban areas. Moreover 72.5% respondents were strongly agree regarding lack of education for their children they tend to move to urban areas, 51.6% were strongly agree regarding lack of basic needs for their family they get shelter in urban areas, 63% respondents were strongly agree, lack of source of income a big consequence to move urban areas, 56.6% were strongly agree increase in financial difficulties in winter season is a factor in seasonal migration, 54.1% were strongly agree regarding lack of agricultural tendency, 55% were strongly agree that secure extra income is driving of seasonal migration, 55% respondents were strongly agreed that lack of necessary infrastructure leads to seasonal migration, 60.8% were strongly agree that cause of seasonal migration is insufficient availability of food in winter season, 56.6% respondents were strongly agreed that seasonal migration is shortage of food tension, 60.8% were strongly agreed seasonal migration is lack of doctors or paramedical staff during illness, 55% respondents were strongly agreed that shortage of water for us cause to seasonal migration in winter season, 55% respondents were strongly agreed that shortage of water for us cause to seasonal migration in winter season, 59.1% respondents were strongly agreed that seasonal migration due to lack of suitable land, 54.1% respondents were strongly agreed that seasonal migration leads to an increase in cultural diversity, 55.8% respondents were strongly agreed that seasonal migration leads to a decline in agricultural cultivating.