The Association Between Pulmonary Embolism and Long-Term Cardiovascular Disease Progression: A Meta-Analysis of Heart Failure, Pulmonary Hypertension, and Hospitalization Rates
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.70749/ijbr.v2i02.228Keywords:
Pulmonary Embolism (PE), Long-term Cardiovascular Outcomes, Heart Failure and Pulmonary Hypertension, Hospitalization Rates in PE SurvivorsAbstract
Background: Pulmonary embolism (PE) presents great acute danger and its chronic effects on cardiovascular organization is an important, however investigated aspect. People who survive PE is subjected to higher vulnerability to develop long-term diseases including heart failure as well as pulmonary hypertension and also exhibit higher hospital admission rates. It is therefore important to grasp these risks in an effort to get the best out of the treatment to the patients.
Objectives: The current meta-analysis has been designed to look at the relationship between PE and the development of long-term CV disease, specifically heart failure, pulmonary hypertension, and the rates of hospitalization.
Methods: As it follows the international PRISMA guidelines, we conducted an extensive literature search of the PubMed, Cochrane, Scopus, and Embase databases using terms up to November 2024. The present review includes only those studies that were evaluated on long-term cardiovascular consequences after the disease affecting PE patients. The data were collected and reviewed by two authors, and quality assessment was performed using specific criteria; pooled ORs were calculated using the random effects model for reasons of heterogeneity.
Results: The researchers included 54 studies covering more than 42,000 patients in the analysis. The meta-analysis showed that PE survivors have a significantly increased risk of heart failure (OR = 1.80, 95% CI: 1.Their prevalence rate was 45-2.22 times higher than expected among patients with heart failure (OR = 2.15, 95% CI: 1.75-2.64) and pulmonary hypertension. Additionally, hospitalization rates were notably higher in this population (OR = 1.50, 95% CI: 1.20-1.87).
Conclusion: The results of this study re-emphasize the importance of continuous follow-up of cardiovascular status and individualized care for patients after a PE to prevent the development of serious late effects. Even if great advances have been made in the identification of new therapies and treatments for coronary disease, the prompt and proper management of the risk factors responsible for recurrent cardiovascular events could have a beneficial impact on patient’s prognosis and lower healthcare expenditures
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