Salivary Biomarkers in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Current Perspectives and Challenges in their Clinical Application

Authors

  • Saba Khan Department of Oral Pathology, Hamdard University, Dental Hospital, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan
  • Uzma Zareef Department of Oral Pathology, Liaquat College of Medicine and Dentistry, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan.
  • Nadia Chughtai Department of Oral Medicine, Karachi Medical and Dental College, KMU, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan
  • Syed Ashar Imtiaz Department of Operative Dentistry, Health Department, Government of Sindh, Pakistan.
  • S. Hussain Askary Department of Community Dentistry, Fatima Jinnah Dental College, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan.
  • Gul Rukh Askary Department of Oral Pathology, Fatima Jinnah Dental College, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan.
  • Shajia Haider Department of Operative Dentistry, Karachi Medical and Dental college, Karachi Metropolitan University, Pakistan.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.70749/ijbr.v2i02.171

Keywords:

Salivary Biomarkers, Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma, Clinical Application Challenges, Early Diagnosis, Cancer Biomarker Detection

Abstract

Oral cancer is a life-threatening disease that predominantly affects the oral cavity, with approximately 90% of cases being oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC). Rapid metastasis and late detection are key factors contributing to the poor prognosis of OSCC. The alarming rise in OSCC-related mortality underscores the urgent need for clinical diagnostic methods that enable early detection. In recent years, salivaomics has gained popularity in molecular diagnostics due to the accessibility and non-invasive nature of saliva. Researchers have identified over 100 salivary biomarkers with potential roles in OSCC screening, categorized into proteomic, genomic, transcriptomic, and metabolic biomarkers. Although these biomarkers show high specificity and sensitivity, challenges such as variability and the need for standardized protocols must be addressed to improve diagnostic accuracy and treatment outcomes. This review explores significant salivary biomarkers in OSCC management and highlights the challenges that hinder their clinical application, emphasizing the need for optimized protocols to enhance test validity

Author Biographies

Saba Khan, Department of Oral Pathology, Hamdard University, Dental Hospital, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan

Assistant Professor

Uzma Zareef, Department of Oral Pathology, Liaquat College of Medicine and Dentistry, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan.

Professor

Nadia Chughtai, Department of Oral Medicine, Karachi Medical and Dental College, KMU, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan

Assistant Professor (Officiating)

Syed Ashar Imtiaz, Department of Operative Dentistry, Health Department, Government of Sindh, Pakistan.

Consultant Dental Surgeon BPS17

S. Hussain Askary, Department of Community Dentistry, Fatima Jinnah Dental College, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan.

Associate Professor

Gul Rukh Askary, Department of Oral Pathology, Fatima Jinnah Dental College, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan.

Associate Professor

Shajia Haider, Department of Operative Dentistry, Karachi Medical and Dental college, Karachi Metropolitan University, Pakistan.

Lecturer

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2024-11-06

How to Cite

Saba, K., Zareef, U., Chughtai, N., Imtiaz, S. A., Askary, S. H., Askary, G. R., & Haider, S. (2024). Salivary Biomarkers in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Current Perspectives and Challenges in their Clinical Application . Indus Journal of Bioscience Research, 2(02), 258–272. https://doi.org/10.70749/ijbr.v2i02.171