Evaluating the Iron Deficiency Anemia in Type-II Diabetic Patients Taking Metformin and its Association with Oxidative Stress
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.70749/ijbr.v2i02.152Keywords:
Iron Deficiency Anemia, Type-II Diabetes, Metformin, Oxidative StressAbstract
Introduction: Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is a prevalent nutritional deficiency worldwide, particularly affecting vulnerable groups with chronic illnesses, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). T2DM, characterized by insulin resistance and hyperglycemia, impacts numerous physiological processes and is linked with increased oxidative stress.
Objective: This study aims to examine the prevalence of iron deficiency anemia in T2DM patients taking metformin and to investigate its association with oxidative stress.
Methodology: Conducted at Shalamar Hospital, Lahore, this cross-sectional study took place from September 2023 to September 2024 and included 255 patients aged 30–70 years. Exclusion criteria were patients with chronic kidney disease, liver dysfunction, gastrointestinal disorders affecting nutrient absorption, or those taking iron supplements or medications influencing iron metabolism.
Results: Among the participants, 40.9% (92 patients) were diagnosed with IDA, with a mean hemoglobin level of 11.5 g/dL. In contrast, 59.1% (133 patients) without IDA had a higher mean hemoglobin of 14.3 g/dL. IDA patients showed significantly elevated malondialdehyde (MDA) levels at 3.8 μmol/L, compared to 2.5 μmol/L in non-IDA patients (p < 0.05), suggesting increased lipid peroxidation. Antioxidant enzyme levels were also lower in the IDA group, with superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) at 150 U/mL and 80 U/mL, respectively, versus 200 U/mL and 100 U/mL in non-IDA patients.
Conclusion: This study concludes that iron deficiency anemia is common among T2DM patients on metformin and is significantly associated with increased oxidative stress
References
Asif, m., bano, n., asif, u., nasir, s., shehbaz, l., & iqbal, m. (2024). Evaluating the iron deficiency anemia in type-ii diabetic patients taking metformin and its association with oxidative stress. Biological and Clinical Sciences Research Journal, 2024(1), 1170. https://doi.org/10.54112/bcsrj.v2024i1.1169
Kausar, M. A., Shahid, S., Anwar, S., Kuddus, M., Kalim, M., Khalifa, A. M., Khatoon, F., Alotaibi, A. D., Alkhodairy, S. F., Snoussi, M., & Arif, J. M. (2022). Identifying the alpha-glucosidase inhibitory potential of dietary phytochemicals against diabetes mellitus type 2 via molecular interactions and dynamics simulation. Cellular and Molecular Biology, 67(5), 16–26. https://doi.org/10.14715/cmb/2021.67.5.3
Aboelnaga, S. M., & Khatoon, F. (2020). Dietary habits and consumption of fruits and vegetables in type 2 Diabetes in Ha’il Saudi Arabia. Bull. Env. Pharmacol. Life Sci, 9(5), 05-11.
Wu, J., Rui-xia, Y., Yu, H., Qin, X., Wu, T., Wu, Y., & Hu, Y. (2023). Association of Metformin Use with Iron Deficiency Anemia in Urban Chinese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. Nutrients, 15(14), 3081–3081. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15143081
Fernández-Real, J. M., & Manco, M. (2014). Effects of iron overload on chronic metabolic diseases. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol, 2(6), 513–526. https://doi.org/10.1016/s2213-8587(13)70174-8
AlDallal, S. M., & Jena, N. (2018). Prevalence of Anemia in Type 2 Diabetic Patients. Journal of Hematology, 7(2), 57–61. https://doi.org/10.14740/jh411w
Arani, R. H., Fakhri, F., Tabiee, M. N., Talebi, F., Talebi, Z., Rashidi, N., & Zahedi, M. (2023). Prevalence of anemia and its associated factors among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in a referral diabetic clinic in the north of Iran. BMC Endocr Disord, 23(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12902-023-01306-5
Farooqi, M., Tahir, Y., & Rehan, B. (2022). Anemia in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Common but Neglected Clinical Finding. PubMed, 93(1), e2022044–e2022044. https://doi.org/10.23750/abm.v93i1.11204
Guo, W., Zhou, Q., Jia, Y., & Xu, J. (2019). Increased Levels of Glycated Hemoglobin A1c and Iron Deficiency Anemia: A Review. Medical Science Monitor, 25, 8371–8378. https://doi.org/10.12659/msm.916719
Davis, R. E., McCann, V. J., & Nicol, D. J. (1983). Influence of iron‐deficiency anaemia on the glycosylated haemoglobin level in a patient with diabetes mellitus. Medical Journal of Australia, 1(1), 40–41. https://doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.1983.tb136024.x
Soliman, A. T., De Sanctis, V., Yassin, M., & Soliman, N. (2017). Iron deficiency anemia and glucose metabolism. Acta Bio-Medica : Atenei Parmensis, 88(1), 112–118. https://doi.org/10.23750/abm.v88i1.6049
Doyle-Delgado, K., Chamberlain, J. J., Shubrook, J. H., Skolnik, N., & Trujillo, J. (2020). Pharmacologic Approaches to Glycemic Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes: Synopsis of the 2020 American Diabetes Association’s Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes Clinical Guideline. Annals of Internal Medicine, 173(10). https://doi.org/10.7326/m20-2470
Lipska, K. J., Yao, X., Herrin, J., McCoy, R. G., Ross, J. S., Steinman, M. A., Inzucchi, S. E., Gill, T. M., Krumholz, H. M., & Shah, N. D. (2016). Trends in Drug Utilization, Glycemic Control, and Rates of Severe Hypoglycemia, 2006–2013. Diabetes Care, 40(4), 468–475. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc16-0985
Wang, Z., Wu, Y., Wu, J., Wang, M., Wang, X., Wang, J., Wu, T., Wu, Y., & Hu, Y. (2021). Trends in prevalence and incidence of type 2 diabetes among adults in Beijing, China, from 2008 to 2017. Diabetic Medicine. https://doi.org/10.1111/dme.14487
Wu, J., Wu, Y., Tian, Y., Wu, Y., Wang, M., Wang, X., Wang, Z., & Hu, Y. (2020). Association between ambient fine particulate matter and adult hospital admissions for pneumonia in Beijing, China. Atmospheric Environment, 231, 117497. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2020.117497
Yang, R., Yu, H., Wu, J., Chen, H., Wang, M., Wang, S., Qin, X., Wu, T., Wu, Y., & Hu, Y. (2023). Metformin treatment and risk of diabetic peripheral neuropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Beijing, China. Frontiers in Endocrinology, 14. https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2023.1082720
Wu, J.-H., Wu, Y., Wang, Z.-J., Wu, Y.-Q., Wu, T., Wang, M.-Y., Wang, X.-W., Wang, S.-Y., Wang, J.-T., Yu, H., & Hu, Y.-H. (2021). Healthcare Costs Associated with Complications in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes among 1.85 Million Adults in Beijing, China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(7), 3693. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18073693
Yang, R., Yu, H., Wu, J., Chen, H., Wang, M., Wang, S., Qin, X., Wu, T., Wu, Y., & Hu, Y. (2023). Metformin treatment and risk of diabetic peripheral neuropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Beijing, China. Frontiers in Endocrinology, 14. https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2023.1082720
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Indus Journal of Bioscience Research
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
